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Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
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Clinical trials have investigated the weight loss effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus, but results for weight loss efficacy were varied.
We aimed to provide Bio Med Frontiers an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis for overall weight loss effect of GLP-1 RA in adults with obesity and overweight without diabetes mellitus.
We retrieved eligible randomized control trials that assessed the weight loss effect of GLP-1 RA in adults (≥18 years old) without type 1/type 2 diabetes up to September 30, 2021, using Pubmed and Embase.
Of 36 clinical trials assessed for eligibility, 12 trials were included, with a combined total of 11,459 participants. Compared with control groups, a more significant weight loss was seen in GLP-1 RA groups with an overall mean difference of -7.1 kg (95% CI -9.2 to -5.0) (I2 = 99%).
The overall analysis results showed that GLP-1 RA improved glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemic events. Better control of blood pressure and plasma levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides was seen with GLP-1 RA treatment. Subgroup analysis showed greater treatment effect of semaglutide than liraglutide. Vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain were GLP-1 RA-associated common adverse effects.
Developing a Targeted Quantitative Strategy for Sulfoxide-Containing MS-Cleavable Cross-Linked Peptides to Probe Conformational Dynamics of Protein Complexes.
- In recent years, cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has made enormous strides as a technology for probing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and elucidating architectures of multisubunit assemblies.
- To define conformational and interaction dynamics of protein complexes under different physiological conditions, various quantitative cross-linking mass spectrometry (QXL-MS) strategies based on stable isotope labeling have been developed. These QXL-MS approaches have effectively allowed comparative analysis of cross-links to determine their relative abundance changes at global scales.
- Although successful, Our Supplier remains challenging to consistently obtain quantitative measurements on low-abundant cross-links. Therefore, targeted QXL-MS is needed to enable MS “Western” analysis of cross-links to enhance sensitivity and reliability in quantitation.
- To this end, we have established a robust parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted QXL-MS platform using sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linker disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO), permitting label-free comparative analysis of selected cross-links across multiple samples.
- In addition, we have applied this methodology to study phosphorylation-dependent conformational dynamics of the human 26S proteasome.
- The PRM-based targeted QXL-MS analytical platform described here is applicable for all sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linkers and can be directly adopted for comparative studies of protein-protein interactions in various cellular contexts.
Peptides for Vaccine Development.
This review discusses peptide epitopes used as antigens in the development of vaccines in clinical trials as well as future vaccine candidates.
It covers peptides used in potential immunotherapies for infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, hepatitis B and C, HIV, malaria, and others.
In addition, peptides for cancer vaccines that target examples of overexpressed proteins are summarized, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), mucin 1 (MUC1), folate receptor, and others.
The uses of peptides to target cancers caused by infective agents, for example, cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), are also discussed.
This review also provides an overview of model peptide epitopes used to stimulate non-specific immune responses, and of self-adjuvanting peptides, as well as the influence of other adjuvants on peptide formulations.
As highlighted in this review, several peptide immunotherapies are in advanced clinical trials as vaccines, and there is great potential for future therapies due the specificity of the response that can be achieved using peptide epitopes.
Non-transgenic Gene Modulation via Spray Delivery of Nucleic Acid/Peptide Complexes into Plant Nuclei and Chloroplasts.
- Genetic engineering of economically important traits in plants is an effective way to improve global welfare. However, introducing foreign DNA molecules into plant genomes to create genetically engineered plants not only requires a lengthy testing period and high developmental costs but also is not well-accepted by the public due to safety concerns about its effects on human and animal health and the environment.
- Here, we present a high-throughput nucleic acids delivery platform for plants using peptide nanocarriers applied to the leaf surface by spraying.
- The translocation of sub-micrometer-scale nucleic acid/peptide complexes upon spraying varied depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the peptides and was controlled by a stomata-dependent-uptake mechanism in plant cells.
- We observed efficient delivery of DNA molecules into plants using cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based foliar spraying. Moreover, using foliar spraying, we successfully performed gene silencing by introducing small interfering RNA molecules in plant nuclei via siRNA-CPP complexes and, more importantly, in chloroplasts via our CPP/chloroplast-targeting peptide-mediated delivery system.
- This technology enables effective nontransgenic engineering of economically important plant traits in agricultural systems.
A short peptide derived from pigment epithelial-derived factor exhibits an angioinhibitory effect.
- Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), a 50 kDa secreted glycoprotein, exhibits distinct effects on a range of cell types. PEDF has been shown to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis and widely accepted as a promising agent for treatment eye diseases related to neovascularization. A pool of short peptide fragments derived from PEDF reportedly manifests angioinhibitory activity.
- This study aims to determine the minimal PEDF fragment which can exert the anti-VEGF effect.
- A series of shorter synthetic peptides, derived from the 34-mer (PEDF amino acid positions Asp44-Asn77), were synthesized. An MTT assay was used to evaluate the ability of the 34-mer-derived peptides to inhibit VEGF-induced proliferation of multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis was monitored by annexin V-FITC staining. Western blot analysis was used to detect phosphorylated kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins, including p53, bax and caspase-3. VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), rat aortic ring and mouse cornea were used to detect the angioinhibitory activity of the PEDF-derived peptides.
- The MTT assay showed that the anti-VEGF effect of a 7-mer (Asp64-Ser70) was 1.5-fold greater than the 34-mer. In addition, massive apoptosis (37%) was induced by 7-mer treatment.
- The 7-mer induced JNK phosphorylation in RPMI8226 cells. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis-associated proteins induced by the 7-mer were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of JNK, but not p38 MAPK.
- Moreover, the 7-mer prevented VEGF-mediated angiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs), including tube formation, aortic EC spreading and corneal neovascularization in mice.
- This is the first study to show that the PEDF 7-mer peptide manifests anti-VEGF activity, further establishing its potential as an anti-angiogenic agent.
- On-Resin Synthesis of Linear Aryl Thioether Containing Peptides and in-Solution Cyclization via Cysteine S N Ar Reaction.
Mast Cell-Degranulating Peptide (MCD Peptide) / Peptide 401
004-04 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 100 μg 140.4 EUR Peptide T
057-01 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 5 mg 140.4 EUR FGL Peptide
073-36 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 100 μg 214.92 EUR APK peptide
076-81 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 200 μg 199.8 EUR NEF peptide
076-83 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 500 μg 140.4 EUR SHA peptide
076-84 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 500 μg 177.12 EUR YSY peptide
076-86 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 100 μg 230.04 EUR Peptide E / 3200-Dalton Adrenal Enkephalin-Containing Peptide (Bovine)
024-57 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 200 μg 86.4 EUR PSTAIR Peptide
070-61 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 500 μg 129.6 EUR PGMtide Peptide
040-69 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 100 μg 316.44 EUR Adjuvant Peptide
070-05 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 500 μg 36.72 EUR Peptide-epsilon
058-22 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 500 μg 114.48 EUR Delicious Peptide
070-21 PHOENIX PEPTIDE 5 mg 160.92 EUR
Cyclic peptides represent one of the most promising therapeutic agents in drug discovery due to their good affinity and selectivity. Herein, an on-resin synthesis of aryl thioether-containing peptides and a concise cyclization strategy via chemoselective cysteine SNAr reaction was developed.
The arylation group could be incorporated into a series of amino acids and used for standard SPPS and peptides cyclization. Constructed cyclic peptides showed increased cellular uptakes compared to their linear peptides.