Development of a highly effective low-cost vaporized hydrogen peroxide-based method for disinfection of personal protective equipment for their selective reuse during pandemics
Background: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is required to soundly work with organic brokers of bacterial (i.e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or viral origin (Ebola and SARS). COVID-19 pandemic particularly has created unexpected public well being challenges together with a international scarcity of PPE wanted for the protection of well being care employees (HCWs). Although ample shares of PPE are presently out there, their crucial scarcity could develop quickly because of enhance in demand and depletion of current provide traces. To empower our HCWs and guarantee their continued safety, proactive measures are urgently required to develop procedures to soundly decontaminate the PPEs to permit their “selective reuse” during contingency conditions.
Methods: Herein, now we have efficiently developed a decontamination method primarily based on vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP). We have used a vary of focus of hydrogen peroxide to disinfect PPE (coveralls, face-shields, and N-95 masks). To guarantee a correct disinfection, now we have evaluated three organic indicators specifically Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, thought-about because the gold customary for disinfection processes. We subsequent evaluated the impression of repeated VHP therapy on bodily options, permeability, and material integrity of coveralls and N-95 masks. Next, we carried out Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to judge microscopic adjustments in fiber thickness of N-95 masks, soften blown layer or coverall physique fits. Considering the truth that any disinfection process ought to be capable to meet native necessities, our research included varied regionally procured N-95 masks and coveralls out there at our institute All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. Lastly, the sensible utility of VHP method developed herein was ascertained by operationalizing a devoted analysis facility disinfecting used PPE during COVID-19.
Results: Our prototype research present that a single VHP cycle (7-8% Hydrogen peroxide) may disinfect PPE and PPE housing room of about 1200 cubic ft (size10 ft × breadth 10 ft × peak 12 ft) in lower than 10 min, as famous by a full loss of B. stearothermophilus spore revival. The outcomes are constant and reproducible as examined in over 10 cycles in our settings. Further, repeated VHP therapy didn’t lead to any bodily tear, deformity or different considerable change within the coverall and N-95 masks. Our permeation assessments evaluating droplet penetration didn’t reveal any change in permeability post-VHP remedies.
Development of a highly effective low-cost vaporized hydrogen peroxide-based method for disinfection of personal protective equipment for their selective reuse during pandemics
Also, SEM evaluation certainly revealed no vital change in fiber thickness or harm to fibers of coveralls or soften blown layer of N-95 masks important for filtration. There was no change in consumer consolation and expertise following VHP therapy of PPE. Based on outcomes of these research, and parameters developed and optimized, an institutional analysis facility to disinfect COVID-19 PPE is efficiently established and operationalized with greater than 80% restoration price for used PPE post-disinfection.
Conclusions: Our research, subsequently, efficiently establishes the utility of VHP to successfully disinfect PPE for a attainable reuse as per the necessities. VHP therapy didn’t harm coveralls, trigger bodily deformity and likewise didn’t alter material structure of soften blown layer.
Description: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells. VEGFR-2 has a lower affinity for VEGF than the Flt-1 receptor, but a higher signaling activity
Description: Lung tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Brain tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Liver tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Kidney tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Spleen tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Thymus tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Stomach tissue lysate (14 Day Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Skin tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Eye tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Heart tissue lysate (14 Days Old) was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1/Flt1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1/Flt1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Human Vascuoar endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR-1/Flt1)ELISA Kit
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1, VEGFR-1/Flt1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1, VEGFR-1/Flt1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1, VEGFR-1/Flt1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1, VEGFR-1/Flt1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Description: This gene encodes a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. VEGFR family members are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which contain an extracellular ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain within the cytoplasmic domain. This protein binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-B and placental growth factor and plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Expression of this receptor is found in vascular endothelial cells, placental trophoblast cells and peripheral blood monocytes. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Isoforms include a full-length transmembrane receptor isoform and shortened, soluble isoforms. The soluble isoforms are associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia.
Description: Soluble FLT1 D1-4 Human Recombinant produced in baculovirus is monomeric, glycosylated, polypeptide containing 457 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 55 kDa. The soluble receptor protein contains only the first 4 extracellular domains, which contain all the information necessary for binding of VEGF.;The VEGFR1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Amyloid ?-Peptide (1-40) (human), (C194H295N53O58S1), a peptide with the sequence H2N-DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA-OH, MW= 4329.8. Amyloid beta (A? or Abeta) is a peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the Amyloid precursor protein.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:1000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:1000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;IHC:1:50-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;IHC:1:50-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against FLT1. Recognizes FLT1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: The substance Vandetanib is a vegfr inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of ?98%. The pure substance is yellow solid which is soluble in DMSO (30 mg/ml) or EtOH (10 mg/ml).
Description: The substance Vandetanib is a vegfr inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of ?98%. The pure substance is yellow solid which is soluble in DMSO (30 mg/ml) or EtOH (10 mg/ml).
Description: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and is almost exclusively restricted to endothelial cells. VEGFR-2 has a lower affinity for VEGF than the Flt-1 receptor, but a higher signaling activity
Description: Sequence: Asp-Ala-Glu-Asn-Leu-Ile-Asp-Ser-Phe-Gln-Glu-Ile-ValThe cloned complementary DNA sequence encoding the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) precursor protein was used to construct an expression vector for the bacterial synthesis of the 56-amino acid GnRH-associated peptide (GAP).
We noticed that disinfection course of was profitable persistently and subsequently consider that the VHP-based decontamination mannequin may have a common applicability and utility. This course of could be simply and economically scaled up and could be instrumental in easing international PPE shortages in any biosafety facility or in well being care settings during pandemic scenario equivalent to COVID-19.
Kirsten
